Partners with a Highly Favorable Attitude Toward Breastfeeding Contribute to Promoting Initiation and Length of Breastfeeding for More than 5 Months in a Population-Based Canadian Study.

Introduction: Promoting maternal breastfeeding for at least 6 months is important to improve children physical health during infancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood. For this guideline to be followed, it is paramount to identify what factors best support the initiation and length of breastfeeding. This study estimates the contribution of various child- and parent-level factors, as well as the sociodemographic context in predicting maternal breastfeeding initiation and duration. Methods: This study draws on data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Mothers who never breastfed when the infant was 5 months old (n = 630, 28.3%) were compared to mothers who breastfed for less than 5 months (n = 844, 38.0%) and mothers breastfeeding for more than 5 months (n = 749, 33.7%), using multivariable multinomial regression models. Results: Mothers with a partner showing a positive attitude toward breastfeeding were up to 13 times more likely to breastfeed their infant for more than 5 months. The positive attitude of partners toward breastfeeding was the strongest predictor of breastfeeding duration, followed by the maternal educational attainment and timing she returns to work. Most prenatal and perinatal child-level factors and the sociodemographic context predicted breastfeeding duration, but to a lesser extent. Discussion: This finding underscores the role of the partner's attitude in promoting initiation and length of breastfeeding. As such, educational campaigns and health practitioners could target both the mother and their partner in promoting breastfeeding.

Puerperal women's social interactions related to their sexual health after childbirth.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze puerperal women's experiences of sexual health after childbirth from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. METHOD: Descriptive, qualitative study. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted by videoconference with women in the remote puerperium, captured by snowball technique and searched for "seeds" on Instagram®. Bardin's content analysis and Symbolic Interactionism were used as references. RESULTS: The puerperal women signify sexual health from a perspective of comprehensive healthcare. However, due to the duality between "being a woman" and "being a mother", they recognize fear, bodily transformations and changes in focus from the love relationship to caring for the baby as factors that interfere with sexual health. And they choose to put themselves aside, prioritizing caring for others. They re-signify sexual health by recognizing the importance of taking care of themselves in biopsychosocial aspects and try to recover self-care for a healthy sexual experience. CONCLUSION: Despite the meanings attributed, women's social interactions with the puerperium interfere negatively with sexual health. Professionals should be sensitized to the inclusion of actions that promote changes in the social action of these women towards self-care.

Assisting Homeless Women in a City in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of a Street Outreach Office: The Perceptions of Health Professionals.

This study aimed to understand the perception of Street Outreach Office professionals regarding the health care offered to homeless women during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative and descriptive study developed with nine health professionals of a Street Outreach Office team from a large city in the countryside of São Paulo State (Brazil) from December 2020 to April 2021. Data were obtained through interviews using a semi-structured script with questions about care practices directed to homeless women. The data were analyzed according to content analysis in the thematic modality. Two thematic categories were identified: (i) the reorganization of the Street Outreach Office to meet the demands of the population and (ii) the challenges in caring for homeless women during the pandemic. The activities were intensified with the team's expansion and distribution of supplies such as masks and alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Our findings showed that the primary problem faced was pregnancy during the pandemic. The lack of material and structural resources and social apparatus to care for homeless women was also evidenced. It was possible to conclude that even with all the adversities, the professionals employed creative strategies, contributing, within their limitations, to the care of homeless women.

Eventos virtuais promovidos pela liga de cuidados à saúde da mulher na pandemia de covid-19 / Eventos virtuales promovidos por care league a la salud de la mujer en la pandemia de covid-19 / Virtual events promoted by the women's health care league during the covid-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo analisar a percepção dos participantes sobre os eventos online promovidos durante o primeiro ano da pandemia da Covid-19 pela Liga de Cuidados à Saúde das Mulheres (LCSM). Métodos estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, desenvolvido de forma online com 90 participantes em dez eventos sobre a temática relativa à saúde da mulher, promovidos pela LCSM no ano de 2020. Os dados foram coletados por um formulário semi-estruturado online no período de julho a novembro de 2021. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se o IBM SPSS, por meio de estatística descritiva das variáveis qualitativas e para a análise dos dados qualitativos utilizou-se a análise temática. Resultados 98,89% dos participantes responderam que os eventos da LCSM no formato online influenciaram de forma positiva na vida acadêmica, profissional ou pessoal. A análise das respostas permitiu a identificação de três categorias: sentimento de "aproximação" à Universidade, descrição das influências positivas, e conhecimentos para além da sala de aula. Conclusão e implicações para a prática Os dados do presente estudo permitem inferir o importante e necessário papel da tecnologia da informação e das ligas acadêmicas na construção do conhecimento e no aprofundamento das reflexões e do debate sobre os cuidados à saúde das mulheres.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la percepción de los participantes de los eventos online promovidos durante el primer año de la pandemia del Covid-19 por la Liga para el Cuidado de la Salud de la Mujer (LCSM). Método estudio transversal, descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo y cualitativo, desarrollado online con 90 participantes en diez eventos sobre el tema salud de la mujer, promovidos por la LCSM en 2020. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de un formulario semi-estructurado en línea de julio a noviembre de 2021. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó IBM SPSS, a través de estadística descriptiva de variables cualitativas y para el análisis de datos cualitativos se utilizó análisis temático. Resultados El 98,89% de los participantes respondieron que los eventos LCSM en formato online influyeron positivamente en su vida académica, profesional o personal. El análisis de las respuestas permitió identificar tres categorías: sentirse "más cerca" de la Universidad, descripción de influencias positivas y conocimiento más allá del aula. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica Los datos del presente estudio permiten inferir el importante y necesario papel de las tecnologías de la información y de las ligas académicas en la construcción del conocimiento y en la profundización de la reflexión y el debate sobre el cuidado de la salud de las mujeres.

Abstract Objective to analyze the participants' perception of the online events promoted during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic by the Women's Health Care League (LCSM). Methods cross-sectional, descriptive study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, developed online with 90 participants in ten events on the theme of women's health, promoted by LCSM in 2020. Data were collected using a semi-structured online form from July to November 2021. For data analysis, IBM SPSS was used, through descriptive statistics of qualitative variables and for the analysis of qualitative data, thematic analysis was used. Results 98,89% of the participants answered that the LCSM events in online format had a positive influence on their academic, professional or personal life. The analysis of the responses allowed the identification of three categories: feeling of "closeness" to the University, description of positive influences, and knowledge beyond the classroom. Conclusion and implications for practice The data from this study allow us to infer the important and necessary role of information technology and academic leagues in the construction of knowledge and in the deepening of reflections and debate on women's health care.

Puerperal women's social interactions related to their sexual health after childbirth / Interacciones sociales de mujeres puérperas relacionadas con su salud sexual después del parto / Interações sociais de puérperas relacionadas à sua saúde sexual após o parto

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze puerperal women's experiences of sexual health after childbirth from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. Method: Descriptive, qualitative study. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted by videoconference with women in the remote puerperium, captured by snowball technique and searched for "seeds" on Instagram®. Bardin's content analysis and Symbolic Interactionism were used as references. Results: The puerperal women signify sexual health from a perspective of comprehensive healthcare. However, due to the duality between "being a woman" and "being a mother", they recognize fear, bodily transformations and changes in focus from the love relationship to caring for the baby as factors that interfere with sexual health. And they choose to put themselves aside, prioritizing caring for others. They re-signify sexual health by recognizing the importance of taking care of themselves in biopsychosocial aspects and try to recover self-care for a healthy sexual experience. Conclusion: Despite the meanings attributed, women's social interactions with the puerperium interfere negatively with sexual health. Professionals should be sensitized to the inclusion of actions that promote changes in the social action of these women towards self-care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las experiencias de salud sexual de las puérperas después del parto desde la perspectiva del interaccionismo simbólico. Método: Estudio descriptivo y cualitativo. Se realizaron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas por videoconferencia con mujeres puérperas a distancia, captadas mediante bola de nieve y búsqueda de las "semillas" a través de Instagram®. Se utilizaron como referencias el análisis de contenido de Bardin y el Interaccionismo Simbólico. Resultados: Las puérperas significan la salud sexual desde una perspectiva de atención sanitaria integral. Sin embargo, debido a la dualidad entre "ser mujer" y "ser madre", reconocen el miedo, las transformaciones corporales y los cambios de enfoque de la relación amorosa al cuidado del bebé como factores que interfieren en la salud sexual. Y deciden dejarse a un lado, dando prioridad al cuidado de los demás. Resignifican la salud sexual reconociendo la importancia de cuidarse en los aspectos biopsicosociales e intentan recuperar el autocuidado para una experiencia sexual saludable. Conclusión: A pesar de los significados atribuidos, las interacciones sociales de las mujeres con el puerperio interfieren negativamente en la salud sexual. Los profesionales deben ser sensibilizados para la inclusión de acciones que promuevan cambios en las acciones sociales de estas mujeres hacia el autocuidado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar experiências de puérperas sobre saúde sexual após o parto na perspectiva do interacionismo simbólico. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo. Realizadas 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas por videoconferência com mulheres no puerpério remoto, captação por "snowball" e busca das "sementes" pelo Instagram®. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin e o Interacionismo Simbólico como referencial. Resultados: As puérperas significam saúde sexual numa perspectiva de integralidade dos cuidados em saúde. Contudo, pela dualidade entre o "ser mulher" e o "ser mãe", reconhecem o medo, as transformações corporais e as mudanças de foco da relação amorosa para os cuidados com o bebê como fatores que interferem na saúde sexual. E, escolhem se deixar de lado, priorizando o cuidado com os outros. Ressignificam saúde sexual pelo reconhecimento da importância de cuidar de si nos aspectos biopsicossociais e tentam resgatar o autocuidado para vivência sexual saudável. Conclusão: Apesar dos significados atribuídos, as interações sociais das mulheres com o puerpério interferem negativamente na saúde sexual. Profissionais devem ser sensibilizados quanto à inclusão de ações que promovam mudanças da ação social dessas mulheres para o cuidado de si.

Prevalence of breastfeeding among indigenous peoples of the Triple Frontier: Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay / Prevalência do aleitamento materno entre povos Indígenas da Tríplice Fronteira: Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai

Abstract Objectives: to verify the prevalence of breastfeeding and the children's nutritional status of indigenous origin up to two years of age in the triple frontier region: Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Methods: data from the Sistema de Vigilância Nutricional e Alimentar Indígena (Indigenous Food and Nutrition Surveillance System) were analyzed, being a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The survey was carried out in 2018, with data referring to 2017. Registrations of indigenous children of both sexes,aged zero to two years old were included. Data were extracted from the indigenous children's follow-up map. The prevalence of breastfeeding and complementary feeding was evaluated. Results: the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in children under six months of age was 93.4% and complementary breastfeeding was 6.5%. The prevalence of complementary breastfeeding after six months was 71.6% and exclusive breastfeeding after six months was 28.3%. Regarding social benefits, 30.3% of the families accumulated two types of social benefits. Conclusions: the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was high and surpassed the national prevalence in the first semester of life, there was no early weaning.

Resumo Objetivos: verificar a prevalência do aleitamento materno e estado nutricional de crianças de origem indígena até dois anos de idade na região de tríplice fronteira: Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai. Métodos: foram analisados dados do Sistema de Vigilância Nutricional e Alimentar Indígena, sendo um estudo transversal e descritivo. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2018, com dados referentes à 2017. Foram incluídos registros de crianças indígenas de zero a dois anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram extraídos do mapa de acompanhamento de crianças indígenas. Foi avaliada a prevalência do aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar. Resultados: a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de seis meses foi de 93,4% e do aleitamento materno complementado foi de 6,5%. A prevalência do aleitamento materno complementado após seis meses foi de 71,6% e do aleitamento materno exclusivo após seis meses foi de 28,3%. Com relação à classificação de peso para a idade, 80,5% dos registros mostraram crianças com peso adequado para a idade. Em relação aos benefícios sociais, 30,3% das famílias acumulavam dois tipos de benefícios sociais. Conclusões: a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi alta e superam prevalência nacional no primeiro semestre de vida, não houve desmame precoce.

Efeitos de uma intervenção educativa por telefone no aleitamento materno: ensaio clínico / Efectos de una intervención educativa telefónica en la lactancia materna: ensayo clínico / Effects of a telephone educational intervention on breastfeeding: a clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa de longa duração por telefone nas taxas e duração do aleitamento materno. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado controlado realizado em uma maternidade na cidade de Fortaleza. Foram alocadas 240 mulheres no puerpério imediato. Utilizou-se intervenção educativa por telefone centrada nos princípios da autoeficácia e com abordagem da entrevista motivacional aos 7, 30, 90 e 150 dias pós-parto para o grupo intervenção. O grupo controle recebeu as orientações padrão do serviço de saúde. A duração e as taxas do aleitamento materno foram verificadas com uso de questionário elaborado pela pesquisadora aplicados ao grupo intervenção e grupo controle aos 60, 120 e 180 dias. Para verificar o efeito da intervenção sobre as variáveis estudadas utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado e o Teste U de Mann-Whitney. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaio Clínico: RBR-7m7vc8. Resultados Houve diferença entre os grupos no que diz respeito à duração e taxas de aleitamento materno não exclusivo e exclusivo. O grupo intervenção apresentou taxas mais elevadas de aleitamento materno aos 60 (p<0,001), 120 (p=0,001) e 180 dias (p=0,001), e de aleitamento exclusivo aos 180 dias (p=0,005), bem como maior duração do aleitamento materno não exclusivo (p<0,001) e exclusivo (p<0,001). Conclusão a intervenção educativa por telefone possui potencial para elevar as taxas, duração e a exclusividade do aleitamento materno, podendo ser utilizada como alternativa para melhorar os índices do aleitamento materno no país. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC): RBR-7m7vc8

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de una intervención educativa telefónica de larga duración en los índices de duración de la lactancia materna. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado realizado en una maternidad en la ciudad de Fortaleza. Se asignaron 240 mujeres en puerperio inmediato. Se utilizó intervención educativa por teléfono centrada en los principios de la autoeficacia y entrevista con enfoque motivacional a los 7, 30, 90 y 150 días del posparto en el grupo experimental. El grupo de control recibió las instrucciones estándar del servicio de salud. La duración y los índices de lactancia materna fueron verificados mediante cuestionario elaborado por la investigadora, aplicado al grupo experimental y al grupo de control a los 60, 120 y 180 días. Para verificar el efecto de la intervención sobre las variables estudiadas, se utilizó la prueba χ2 de Pearson y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Registro Brasileño de Ensayo Clínico: RBR-7m7vc8. Resultados Hubo diferencia entre los grupos en lo que se refiere a la duración e índices de lactancia materna no exclusiva y exclusiva. El grupo experimental presentó índices más elevados de lactancia materna a los 60 (p<0,001), 120 (p=0,001) y 180 días (p=0,001), y de lactancia exclusiva a los 180 días (p=0,005), así como mayor duración de la lactancia materna no exclusiva (p<0,001) y exclusiva (p<0,001). Conclusión La intervención educativa telefónica tiene potencial para elevar los índices, duración y exclusividad de la lactancia materna y puede ser utilizada como alternativa para mejorar los índices de lactancia materna en el país.

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of a long-term educational intervention by telephone on breastfeeding duration rates. Methods This is a controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at a maternity hospital in the city of Fortaleza. A.so-called 240 women were answers in the immediate puerperium. An educational intervention was used by telephone centered on the principles of self-efficacy and with motivational interview approach at 7, 30, 90 and 150 days postpartum for the intervention group. The control group received the standard guidelines from the health service. Breastfeeding duration rates were verified using a questionnaire elaborated by the researcher applied to the intervention group and control group at 60, 120 and 180 days. To verify the effect of the intervention on the variables studied, the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-7m7vc8. Results There was a difference between the groups regarding non-exclusive and exclusive breastfeeding duration and rates. The intervention group had higher breastfeeding rates at 60 (p<0.001), 120 (p=0.001) and 180 days (p=0.001), and exclusive breastfeeding, at 180 days (p=0.005), as well as non-exclusive (p<0.001) and exclusive (p<0.001) breastfeeding longer duration. Conclusion the educational intervention by telephone has the potential to increase breastfeeding rates, duration and exclusivity, and can be used as an alternative to improve breastfeeding rates in the country. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry (ReBEC): RBR-7m7vc8

Transtorno depressivo em mulheres no período pós-parto: análise segundo a raça/cor autorreferida / Trastorno depresivo en mujeres en el período posparto: análisis según raza/color autodeclarado / Depressive disorder among postpartum women: an analysis according to self-reported race/color

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a raça/cor autorreferida por mulheres com 60 dias de pós-parto; identificar a prevalência do indicativo de transtorno depressivo nessas mulheres e verificar a associação entre o indicativo de transtorno depressivo e o quesito raça/cor autorreferida. Métodos Estudo transversal desenvolvido em um município do interior paulista. Foram utilizados, para a coleta de dados, um instrumento com dados sociodemográficos e a Escala de Depressão Pós-Natal de Edimburgo. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS, versão 17.0. Resultados Participaram deste estudo 186 mulheres, 60,8% referiram ser da cor parda, 24,2% apresentaram indicativo de transtorno depressivo e, entre estas, 81,7% eram da raça negra. O indicativo de transtorno depressivo associou-se às variáveis: número de filhos (p=0,006), gestação planejada (p=0,04) e tipo de parto (p< 0,001). Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para maior visibilidade da temática da saúde mental das mulheres, especificamente das mulheres negras, pois, mesmo que não tenha sido identificada associação significativa dentre aquelas que apresentaram indicativo de transtorno depressivo, a maioria era da raça negra.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la raza/color autodeclarado por mujeres con 60 días de posparto, identificar la prevalencia de indicios de trastorno depresivo en esas mujeres y verificar la relación entre los indicios de trastorno depresivo y el ítem raza/color autodeclarado. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado en un municipio del interior paulista. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó un instrumento con datos sociodemográficos y la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo. Para analizar los datos se utilizó el Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS, versión 17.0. Resultados Participaron en el estudio 186 mujeres, el 60,8 % declararon ser de color pardo, el 24,2 % presentó indicios de trastorno depresivo y, entre ellas, el 81,7 % era de raza negra. Los indicios de trastorno depresivo se relacionaron a las variables: número de hijos (p=0,006), embarazo planeado (p=0,04) y tipo de parto (p< 0,001). Conclusión Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen para una mayor visibilidad del tema de salud mental de las mujeres, específicamente de mujeres negras, ya que, aunque no se haya identificado una relación significativa entre las que presentaron indicios de trastorno depresivo, la mayoría era de raza negra.

Abstract Objective To identify the race/color self-reported by women 60 days postpartum; to identify the prevalence of signs of depressive disorder among these women and to verify the association between signs of depressive disorder and the self-reported race/color. Methods Cross-sectional study carried out in a noncapital city in the state of São Paulo. An instrument with sociodemographic data and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS, version 17.0. Results A total of 186 women participated in this study, 60.8% reported being brown, 24.2% had signs of depressive disorder and, among these, 81.7% were black. Signs of depressive disorder were associated with the variables: number of children (p=0.006), planned pregnancy (p=0.04) and type of delivery (p< 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study contribute to greater visibility of the issue of women's mental health, specifically of black women, because even though no significant association was identified among those who showed signs of depressive disorder, most were black.

Characterization of adolescent sexual practices. / Caracterização das práticas sexuais de adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize adolescents' sexual practices and their association with sociodemographic variables, sources of information and behavioral habits. METHOD: a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 85 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and Fisher's test. RESULTS: 21.2% had started their sexual life through oral sex, with a predominance of females (94.4%), self-reported brown color (55.0%). The practice of vaginal sex was reported in 31.8%, with a mean age of initiation at 14.5 years. The female sex was predominant (77.0%), with a self-reported brown color (40.0%). The practice of anal sex was detected in 7.1%, with a mean age of 14.4 years, prevalent in females (83.3%), with a self-reported black color (50.0%). There was an association of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use with sexual practices (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: a diversity of sexual practices associated with substance use was detected, emphasizing the importance of the nurse's role in planning and carrying out health education interventions with adolescents and families.(1) Analysis of the sequence and time of initiation of sexual practices, demonstrating the diversity of sexual activities performed by adolescents. (2) Family context and low openness to dialogue and its correlation with the initiation of adolescent sexual practices. (3) Behavioral habits: association of alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption by adolescents with sexual activities.

Attention to Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health at the Street Outreach Office.

The aim of study was to understand care strategies for homeless women, focusing on aspects of sexual and reproductive health from the perspective of Street Outreach Office strategy professionals. This is a qualitative study carried out in a large city in the countryside of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from December 2020 to April 2021 through semi-structured interviews, and the results were obtained through content analysis and thematic modality. Nine health professionals participated in this study, and the analysis of the interviews allowed identifying three thematic categories: (i) being female and sex on the streets (violence and oppression); (ii) gynecology as a gateway to comprehensive care for homeless women; and (iii) pregnancy, puerperium and motherhood in the context of the streets. This study contributes to the reflection of professional practices within the Street Outreach Office, allowing the understanding of challenges in assisting homeless women, aiming to raise awareness of professionals and services that make up the health care network.

Women who live in mining on the French-Brazilian border: daily challenges.

OBJECTIVES: to describe the daily life of Brazilian women who work in mining. METHODS: a descriptive, qualitative study, with analysis based on the theory of Symbolic Interactionism. Non-participant observations, field diary writing, sociodemographic form, non-directive interviews, recorded and transcribed in full, were carried out with 19 women who work in mining areas on the French-Brazilian Amazon border. RESULTS: two categories emerged: Life trajectories: women's work in mining; Woman, mother and prospector: the multiple facets of gender inequality on the Amazon border. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: assessing the daily experiences of women in the Amazonian mines allowed identifying their health needs, evidencing the need to direct and implement public and social policies and health practices for comprehensive care of these women's health.

Stealthing among university students: associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the practice of stealthing among university students and the associations between the profile of these young people and this practice. METHOD: Cross-sectional study carried out at a university campus in a city in the countryside of Sao Paulo. Data collection was carried out online by RedCap between May and September 2018, through questionnaires with identification data, sociodemographic characteristics and sexual and reproductive health. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS, version 17.0. RESULTS: A total of 380 students participated in the study, aged between 18 and 24 years old, most of them unpaid students, coming from private education, not having a religion and being single. Most of them were biologically female and identified as cisgender and heterosexual women. As for stealthing, 1.33% of the participants had performed it and 11.44% had already undergone this practice. There was a significant association between having been stealthed and the variables female biological sex (p = 0.000) and identifying as a woman (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of stealthing is higher among those who have been stealthed than among those who have done it and having been stealthed is associated with being female and identifying as a woman.

Emotional consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents: challenges to public health.

OBJECTIVE: To describe adolescents' everyday activities and emotional consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Qualitative study grounded in Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology, involving 22 students at two public schools in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Interviews were conducted, had their audio recorded, and were analyzed according to a thematic categorization. RESULTS: Five categories emerged from the accounts: i) adolescents' reaction before the COVID-19 pandemic; ii) emotional consequences; iii) concern about the family; iv) adolescents' adaptation; and v) fragmentation of social support networks. Feelings such as uncertainty, fear, anguish, anxiety, and lack of motivation, depressive symptoms, and extreme suicidal ideation were reported. CONCLUSION: Paying attention to adolescents' psychosocial needs is essential, especially in face of the possibility of post-traumatic stress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals' technical competence combined with sensibility, strengthening of social support networks, and engagement of different community sectors are fundamental for promoting adolescent mental health in the current transition and resignification period following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Women who live in mining on the French-Brazilian border: daily challenges / Mujeres que viven en minería de la frontera franco-brasileña: desafíos cotidianos / Mulheres que vivem em garimpos da fronteira franco-brasileira: desafios cotidianos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the daily life of Brazilian women who work in mining. Methods: a descriptive, qualitative study, with analysis based on the theory of Symbolic Interactionism. Non-participant observations, field diary writing, sociodemographic form, non-directive interviews, recorded and transcribed in full, were carried out with 19 women who work in mining areas on the French-Brazilian Amazon border. Results: two categories emerged: Life trajectories: women's work in mining; Woman, mother and prospector: the multiple facets of gender inequality on the Amazon border. Final Considerations: assessing the daily experiences of women in the Amazonian mines allowed identifying their health needs, evidencing the need to direct and implement public and social policies and health practices for comprehensive care of these women's health.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir el cotidiano de las mujeres brasileñas que trabajan en la minería. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, con análisis basado en la teoría del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Se realizaron observaciones no participantes, redacción de diario de campo, formulario sociodemográfico, entrevistas no directivas, grabadas y transcritas en su totalidad, con 19 mujeres que trabajan en áreas mineras en la frontera franco-brasileña amazónica. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías: Trayectorias de vida: el trabajo de las mujeres en la minería; Mujer, madre y prospectora: las múltiples facetas de la desigualdad de género en la frontera amazónica. Consideraciones Finales: la evaluación de las experiencias cotidianas de las mujeres en las minas amazónicas permitió detectar sus necesidades de salud, evidenciando la necesidad de orientar e implementar políticas públicas y sociales y prácticas de salud para el cuidado integral de la salud de estas mujeres.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever o cotidiano de mulheres brasileiras que exercem atividades laborais em garimpos. Métodos: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, com análise baseada na teoria do Interacionismo Simbólico. Foram realizadas observações não participantes, tessitura de diário de campo, formulário sociodemográfico, entrevistas não diretivas, gravadas e transcritas na íntegra com 19 mulheres que trabalham em áreas de garimpos na fronteira amazônica franco-brasileira. Resultados: duas categorias emergiram: Trajetórias de vidas: a lida das mulheres no garimpo; Mulher, mãe e garimpeira: as múltiplas facetas da desigualdade de gênero na fronteira amazônica. Considerações Finais: a avaliação das vivências cotidianas das mulheres no garimpo amazônico permitiu a detecção de suas necessidades de saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de direcionamento e efetivação de políticas públicas e sociais e práticas de saúde para a atenção integral à saúde dessas mulheres.

Representatividade da mulher negra em folhetos educativos sobre saúde da mulher / Representación de la mujer negra en los folletos educativos sobre la salud de las mujeres / Representation of black women in educational leaflets on women's health

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar folhetos educativos do Ministério da Saúde sobre saúde da mulher disponibilizados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde; classificar a representação da mulher nesses folhetos de acordo com a etnia/raça/cor; analisar a representatividade da mulher negra nesses folhetos. Método Estudo documental, descritivo, exploratório. Resultados No período de 2007 a 2019, identificaram-se 19 folhetos educativos relacionados à saúde da mulher, sendo que 10 traziam imagens de mulheres. As mulheres brancas foram observadas nos 10 folhetos (100%) que continham imagens e ilustrações, enquanto mulheres negras foram identificadas em três (30%) dos 10 folhetos. Da análise dos dados, emergiram duas categorias analíticas: "a mulher negra sub-representada" e "desconstruindo estereótipos: o papel de destaque da mulher negra". Conclusão O estudo evidencia uma baixa representação da mulher negra nos folhetos educativos. Entretanto, quando representada, a imagem da mulher negra surge de modo positivo e igualitário em relação às mulheres de outros grupos étnico-raciais.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar los folletos educativos del Ministerio de Salud brasileño sobre la salud de la mujer disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud; clasificar la representación de las mujeres en estos folletos según etnia / raza / color; Analizar la representatividad de las mujeres negras en estos folletos. Método Estudio documental, descriptivo, exploratorio. Resultados En el período de 2007 a 2019, se identificaron 19 folletos educativos relacionados con la salud de la mujer, 10 de los cuales tenían imágenes de mujeres. Se observaron mujeres blancas en los 10 folletos (100%) que contenían imágenes e ilustraciones, mientras que se identificaron mujeres negras en tres (30%) de los 10 folletos. Del análisis de datos surgieron dos categorías analíticas: "la mujer negra subrepresentada" y "la deconstrucción de los estereotipos: el papel destacado de la mujer negra". Conclusión El estudio muestra una baja representación de las mujeres negras en folletos educativos. Sin embargo, cuando se representa, la imagen de las mujeres negras emerge de manera positiva e igual en relación con las mujeres de otros grupos étnico-raciales.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the educational leaflets of the Brazilian Ministry of Health on women's health available in the Virtual Health Library; to classify the representation of women in these leaflets according to ethnicity / race / color; to analyze the representation of black women in these leaflets. Method Documentary, descriptive, exploratory study. Results From 2007 to 2019, 19 educational brochures related to women's health were identified, ten of which had images of women. White women were observed in the ten leaflets (100%) that contained images and illustrations, whereas black women were identified in three (30%) of the 10 leaflets. Two analytical categories emerged from the data analysis: "the underrepresented black woman" and "deconstructing stereotypes: the prominent role of black women". Conclusion This study shows a low representation of black women in educational leaflets. However, when represented, black women are portrayed positively and equally in relation to women of other racial and ethnic groups.

Stealthing among university students: associated factors / Práctica del stealthing entre jóvenes universitarios: factores asociados / Prática do stealthing entre jovens universitários: fatores associados

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the practice of stealthing among university students and the associations between the profile of these young people and this practice. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out at a university campus in a city in the countryside of Sao Paulo. Data collection was carried out online by RedCap between May and September 2018, through questionnaires with identification data, sociodemographic characteristics and sexual and reproductive health. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS, version 17.0. Results: A total of 380 students participated in the study, aged between 18 and 24 years old, most of them unpaid students, coming from private education, not having a religion and being single. Most of them were biologically female and identified as cisgender and heterosexual women. As for stealthing, 1.33% of the participants had performed it and 11.44% had already undergone this practice. There was a significant association between having been stealthed and the variables female biological sex (p = 0.000) and identifying as a woman (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The occurrence of stealthing is higher among those who have been stealthed than among those who have done it and having been stealthed is associated with being female and identifying as a woman.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el stealthing entre jóvenes universitarios y la asociación entre el perfil de esos jóvenes y su práctica. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado en un campus universitario de un municipio del interior de São Paulo. Los datos se recopilaron en línea, en el RedCap, entre mayo y septiembre de 2018 mediante cuestionarios con datos de identificación, características sociodemográficas, salud sexual y reproductiva, y se analizaron con el IBM-SPSS, versión 17.0. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 380 estudiantes, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 24 años, gran parte sin trabajo remunerado, provenientes de la enseñanza particular, sin religión y solteras(os). En su mayoría eran del sexo femenino biológico y se identificaban como mujeres cisgénero y heterosexuales. En cuanto al stealthing, el 1,33% de los participantes lo había realizado y el 11,44% ya había sufrido esta práctica. Hubo una asociación significativa entre haber sufrido stealthing y las variables sexo biológico femenino (p = 0,000) y el identificarse como mujer (p = 0,000). Conclusión: La incidencia del stealthing es mayor entre los que han sufrido esta práctica que entre los que la han practicado. Haber sufrido el furtivismo se asocia a ser mujer y a identificarse como tal.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a prática de stealthing entre jovens universitários e as associações entre o perfil desses jovens e a prática do stealthing. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em um campus universitário de um município no interior paulista. A coleta de dados foi online pelo RedCap, entre maio e setembro de 2018, por meio de questionários com dados de identificação, características sociodemográficas e de saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Os dados foram analisados pelo IBM-SPSS, versão 17.0. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 380 estudantes, com idade entre 18 e 24 anos, a maioria sem exercer função remunerada, advindos(as) de ensino particular, sem religião e solteiras(os). Em sua maioria, eram do sexo biológico feminino e se identificavam como mulheres cisgênero e heterossexuais. Quanto ao stealthing, 1,33% dos participantes tinham realizado e 11,44% já tinham sofrido essa prática. Houve associação significativa entre ter sofrido stealthing e as variáveis sexo biológico feminino (p = 0,000) e se identificar como mulher (p = 0,000). Conclusão: A ocorrência do stealthing é maior entre os que sofreram essa prática do que entre aqueles que a praticaram. Ter sofrido stealthing está associado a ser do sexo feminino e se identificar como mulher.

Emotional consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents: challenges to public health / Repercusiones emocionales de la pandemia de COVID-19 en adolescentes: desafíos para la salud pública / Repercussões emocionais da pandemia da COVID-19 em adolescentes: desafios à saúde pública

Abstract Objective: To describe adolescents' everyday activities and emotional consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Qualitative study grounded in Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology, involving 22 students at two public schools in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Interviews were conducted, had their audio recorded, and were analyzed according to a thematic categorization. Results: Five categories emerged from the accounts: i) adolescents' reaction before the COVID-19 pandemic; ii) emotional consequences; iii) concern about the family; iv) adolescents' adaptation; and v) fragmentation of social support networks. Feelings such as uncertainty, fear, anguish, anxiety, and lack of motivation, depressive symptoms, and extreme suicidal ideation were reported. Conclusion: Paying attention to adolescents' psychosocial needs is essential, especially in face of the possibility of post-traumatic stress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals' technical competence combined with sensibility, strengthening of social support networks, and engagement of different community sectors are fundamental for promoting adolescent mental health in the current transition and resignification period following the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender vivencias cotidianas y repercusiones emocionales de la pandemia de COVID-19 en adolescentes. Método: Estudio cualitativo, fundamentado en la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz, realizado con 22 estudiantes de escuelas públicas de un municipio de São Paulo. Se realizaron entrevistas autograbadas, analizadas acorde su categoría temática. Resultados: De los testimonios, surgieron cinco categorías: i) Reacciones de adolescentes frente a la pandemia de COVID-19; ii) Repercusiones emocionales; iii) Preocupación por el grupo familiar; iv) Adaptación de los adolescentes; v) Fragmentación de redes de apoyo social. Se informó presencia de sentimientos de incertidumbre, miedo, angustia, ansiedad, desmotivación, síntomas depresivos y casos extremos de ideas suicidas. Conclusión: Atender las necesidades psicosociales en adolescentes es esencial, particularmente ante la posibilidad de estrés postraumático derivado de la pandemia. La competencia técnica, asociada a la sensibilidad de los profesionales de salud, el fortalecimiento de la red de apoyo social y la participación de los diferentes sectores de la comunidad son fundamentales para promover la salud mental adolescente en este período de transición y resignificación posterior a la pandemia de COVID-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender as vivências cotidianas e as repercussões emocionais da pandemia da COVID-19 para os adolescentes. Método: Estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, realizado com 22 estudantes de duas escolas públicas de um município de São Paulo. Realizadas entrevistas audiogravadas que foram analisadas a partir da categoria temática. Resultados: Emergiram, dos depoimentos, cinco categorias: i) Reações dos adolescentes ante a pandemia da COVID-19; ii) Repercussões emocionais; iii) Preocupação com o grupo familiar; iv) Adaptação dos adolescentes; v) Fragmentação das redes de apoio social. Foi relatada a vivência de sentimentos de incerteza, medo, angústia, ansiedade, falta de motivação, sintomas depressivos e casos extremos de ideação suicida. Conclusão: A atenção às necessidades psicossociais dos adolescentes é essencial, sobretudo diante da possibilidade da ocorrência de estresse pós-traumático decorrente da pandemia. A competência técnica associada à sensibilidade dos profissionais de saúde, o fortalecimento da rede de apoio social e o envolvimento dos diferentes setores da comunidade são fundamentais para a promoção da saúde mental dos adolescentes, neste período de transição e ressignificação após a pandemia da COVID-19.

Caracterização das práticas sexuais de adolescentes / Characterization of adolescent sexual practices / Caracterización de las relaciones sexuales adolescentes

Resumo Objetivo: caracterizar as práticas sexuais dos adolescentes e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, fontes de informações e hábitos comportamentais. Método: estudo descritivo observacional, transversal, conduzido com 85 adolescentes de escolas públicas de ensino fundamental e médio de um município do estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado, autoaplicável e anônimo. A análise estatística realizada foi o teste do χ2 e teste de Fisher. Resultados: a iniciação da vida sexual foi de 21,2% através do sexo oral, com predominância o sexo feminino (94,4%), cor autorreferida parda (55,0%). A prática do sexo vaginal foi relatada em 31,8%, com idade média de iniciação aos 14,5 anos. O sexo feminino foi predominante (77,0%), com cor autorreferida parda (40,0%). A prática de sexo anal foi detectada em 7,1%, com média de idade aos 14,4 anos, prevalente no sexo feminino (83,3%), com cor autorreferida preta (50,0%). Ocorreu a associação entre o uso de álcool, drogas e tabaco com as práticas sexuais (p<0,05). Conclusão: detectou-se uma diversidade de práticas sexuais, associadas ao uso de substâncias, enfatizando a importância do papel do enfermeiro no planejamento e realização de intervenções de educação em saúde com os adolescentes e famílias.

Abstract Objective: to characterize adolescents' sexual practices and their association with sociodemographic variables, sources of information and behavioral habits. Method: a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 85 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and Fisher's test. Results: 21.2% had started their sexual life through oral sex, with a predominance of females (94.4%), self-reported brown color (55.0%). The practice of vaginal sex was reported in 31.8%, with a mean age of initiation at 14.5 years. The female sex was predominant (77.0%), with a self-reported brown color (40.0%). The practice of anal sex was detected in 7.1%, with a mean age of 14.4 years, prevalent in females (83.3%), with a self-reported black color (50.0%). There was an association of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use with sexual practices (p<0.05). Conclusion: a diversity of sexual practices associated with substance use was detected, emphasizing the importance of the nurse's role in planning and carrying out health education interventions with adolescents and families.

Resumen Objetivo: caracterizar las relaciones sexuales de los adolescentes y su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, fuentes de información y hábitos de comportamiento. Método: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, realizado con 85 adolescentes de escuelas primarias y secundarias públicas de un municipio del estado de São Paulo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario estructurado, autoadministrado y anónimo. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de χ2 y la prueba de Fisher. Resultados: el 21,2 % inició su vida sexual a través del sexo oral, con predominio del sexo femenino (94,4 %), y siendo autodeclarados pardos (55,0 %). Las relaciones sexuales con penetración vaginal fueron reportada en 31,8% y con una edad media de inicio de 14,5 años. Predominó el sexo femenino (77,0%) y siendo autodeclaradas pardas (40,0%). La práctica de sexo anal se detectó en el 7,1%, con una edad media de 14,4 años, prevaleciendo el sexo femenino (83,3%) y siendo autodeclarados negros (50,0%). Hubo correspondencia entre el uso de alcohol, drogas y tabaco con las relaciones sexuales (p<0,05). Conclusión: se detectó una diversidad de relaciones sexuales asociadas al uso de sustancias psicoactivas, destacando la importancia del papel del enfermero en la planificación y realización de reuniones conjuntas sobre educación sanitaria con adolescentes y familias.

Epidemiologia da morte materna e o desafio da qualificação da assistência / Epidemiología de la muerte materna y el desafío de la cualificación de la atención / Epidemiology of maternal death and the challenge of care training

Resumo Objetivo Descrever os óbitos maternos declarados e identificar o perfil epidemiológico das mulheres que foram a óbito em seu ciclo gravídico-puerperal e analisar as variáveis relacionadas à assistência no pré-natal e parto. Métodos Esta é uma pesquisa com delineamento retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa do tipo levantamento. A população estudada foi constituída por mulheres que foram a óbito em seu período gravídico-puerperal, residentes em um dos 26 municípios da área de abrangência do Departamento Regional de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, no período de 2011 a 2016. Foram analisados dados secundários obtidos via Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, relativas ao óbito, ao pré-natal e parto e à rede de atenção à saúde. Os dados foram analisados de modo descritivo com a análise univariada. Resultados Foram encontrados registros de 36 óbitos maternos no período de 2011 a 2016, a maioria dos óbitos ocorreu em mulheres na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (63,9%), com média de idade de 28,1 anos, sendo a maioria solteira (50%), cor branca (66,7%), primípara (41,7%), com renda (30%). O acesso ao pré-natal foi perceptível na captação precoce (72,2%) e no número de consultas durante o pré-natal. A principal via de parto foi a cesárea (52,8%). As mortes maternas obstétricas diretas resultaram em 77,8% dos óbitos, sendo as principais causas: hipertensão, infecção e hemorragia. Conclusão O presente estudo mostrou que a maioria dos óbitos maternos ocorreu em mulheres na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, solteiras, de cor branca e primigestas. Foram perceptíveis a captação precoce e o adequado número de consultas durante o pré-natal. A classificação da maioria das mortes foi obstétrica direta, sendo hipertensão, infecção e hemorragia as principais causas. Foi possível conhecer a estrutura de redes e verificar uma boa cobertura de atenção primária e de atenção hospitalar para assistência ao parto.

Resumen Objetivo Describir las defunciones maternas declaradas, identificar el perfil epidemiológico de las mujeres que fallecieron durante el embarazo o el puerperio y analizar las variables relacionadas con la atención prenatal y el parto. Métodos Se trata de un estudio con diseño retrospectivo y enfoque cuantitativo tipo recopilación. La población estudiada estuvo compuesta por mujeres que fallecieron durante el embarazo o el puerperio, residentes en algunos de los 26 municipios del área de cobertura del Departamento Regional de Salud de Ribeirão Preto, en el período de 2011 a 2016. Se analizaron datos secundarios obtenidos mediante el Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, relativas a la defunción, a la atención prenatal y parto y a la red de atención en salud. Los datos se analizaron de modo descriptivo con el análisis univariado. Resultados Se encontraron registros de 36 defunciones maternas en el período de 2011 a 2016, la mayoría de las defunciones ocurrió en mujeres dentro del grupo de edad de 20 a 29 años (63,9 %), con promedio de edad de 28,1 años, la mayoría soltera (50 %), blanca (66,7 %), primípara (41,7 %), con ingresos (30 %). El acceso a la atención prenatal fue detectado mediante la captación temprana (72,2 %) y el número de consultas prenatales. La principal vía de parto fue la cesárea (52,8 %). Las muertes maternas obstétricas directas representaron el 77,8 % de las defunciones, y las principales causas fueron: hipertensión, infección y hemorragia. Conclusión El presente estudio mostró que la mayoría de las defunciones maternas ocurrió en mujeres dentro del grupo de edad de 20 a 29 años, solteras, blancas y primíparas. Se detectó la captación temprana y un número adecuado de consultas prenatales. La clasificación de la mayoría de las muertes fue obstétricas directa, y las principales causas fueron hipertensión, infección y hemorragia. Fue posible conocer la estructura de redes y verificar una buena cobertura de atención primaria y de atención hospitalaria para asistencia al parto.

Abstract Objectives To describe reported maternal deaths, identify the epidemiological profile of women who died during their pregnancy-postpartum cycle, and analyze the variables related to prenatal and childbirth care. Methods Retrospective quantitative survey. The studied population was women who died during their pregnancy-postpartum cycle and lived in one of the 26 municipalities in the area covered by the Ribeirão Preto Regional Health Department from 2011 to 2016. Secondary data obtained via the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System, including sociodemographic information and variables related to death, prenatal and childbirth, and the healthcare network, were treated by using descriptive statistics and univariate analysis. Results Records of 36 maternal deaths were found for the period between 2011 and 2016. Most deaths occurred in women from 20 to 29 years old (63.9%). The average age of the examined women was 28.1 years, and most were single (50%), white (66.7%), primiparous (41.7%), and had an income source (30%). Access to prenatal care was perceptible because of the existence of early recruitment (72.2%) and the number of prenatal appointments. The main mode of delivery was cesarean (52.8%). Direct obstetric causes of maternal death resulted in 77.8% of the occurrences, and the main causes were hypertension, infection, and bleeding. Conclusion The present study showed that most maternal deaths occurred in single, white, and primiparous women from 20 to 29 years old. Early recruitment and adequate number of prenatal appointments stood out. The classification of most deaths was direct obstetric, and hypertension, infection, and bleeding were the main causes. The present study exposed the network structure present in the healthcare sphere at issue and showed satisfactory primary healthcare and hospital coverage in childbirth care.

Anxiety and its influence on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the levels of anxiety and breastfeeding self-efficacy in puerperal women at the intervals of 60, 120, and 180 days postpartum; and to verify the influence of anxiety on breastfeeding self-efficacy among these puerperal women. METHOD: an analytical, longitudinal and prospective study, conducted with 186 puerperal women, and which used a sociodemographic and obstetric characterization questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form. The analyses were performed by means of descriptive statistics, and Fisher's Exact Test was used. RESULTS: most of the puerperal women presented low levels of trait anxiety (55.4%) and of state anxiety (66.2% at 60 days, 72.8% at 120 days, and 75.5% at 180 days), and a high level of self-efficacy (77.3% at 60 days, 75.3% at 120 days, and 72.1% at 180 days of puerperium). Low levels of trait anxiety and state anxiety were associated with high self-efficacy at 60 days (p=0.0142 and p=0.0159, respectively). CONCLUSION: it is necessary to pay greater attention to the mental health of puerperal women, considering that those who presented low levels of anxiety had higher levels of self-efficacy, a situation that can result in longer exclusive breastfeeding.